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Objective@#To investigate the content of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish from Dongting Lake.@*Methods@#Ten sample collection points were set in lakeside city Yueyang and Yuanjiang. In July (wet season) and November (dry season) of 2012, 13 common fish species were captured by convenience sampling in Dongting Lake. Two to three fish with similar weight were selected in each season for the same species of fish. After sample preparation and pretreatment, the contents of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), indicator polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyls ether (PBDEs) in the samples were determined by high resolution gas chromatographer-high resolution mass spectrometry. Toxicity Equivalents (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were calculated according to the revised toxicity equivalent factor (TEF) of WHO in 2005. The contents of POPs were expressed by median and quavtile. The differences of POPs in fish in different periods were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.@*Results@#The content of PCDD/Fs of fish in Dongting Lake in wet season was 12.397 (8.865, 24.964) pg/g, higher than that in the dry season 0.771 (0.490, 1.442) pg/g (P<0.001), and the toxicity equivalent quantity (TEQ) were 0.150 (0.066,0.528) and 0.143 (0.066, 0.235) pg-TEQ/g without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). For the fish in wet and dry season from Dongting Lake,∑dl-PCBs of fish were 66.475 (28.065, 77.794) and 24.205 (18.237, 90.777) pg/g, respectively, and the TEQ were 0.061 (0.046, 0.268) and 0.075 (0.054, 0.182) pg-TEQ/g; ∑ indicative PCBs were 237.764 (153.896, 335.483) and 119.711 (52.171, 408.696) pg/g, respectively; ∑ PBDEs were 106.513 (64.834, 164.860) and 86.837 (61.872, 177.108) pg/g, respectively. The highest content of PCDD/Fs was found in grass carp (198.360 pg/g) in wet season. The higher content of PCBs was found in long-necked fish (2 332.509 pg/g) and PBDEs was found in pelteobagrus fulvidraco (343.857 pg/g), respectively.@*Conclusion@#A lower burden was found in fishes from Dongting Lake, and the content of POPs varied in different seasons and fishes.
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Objective @#To learn the effects of cassia seed extract,ginkgo biloba leaf extract,salvia miltiorrhiza extract and red yeast rice compounds on blood lipid level of rats with hyperlipidemia. @*Methods @#The model of hyperlipidemia in SD rats was established. The rats in the low,moderate and high dose groups were given 0.267 g/kg body weight,0.533 g/kg body weight and 1.600 g/kg body weight of cassia seed,red yeast rice,ginkgo biloba leaf and salvia miltiorrhiza compounds by gavage for 30 days. A blank control group and a model control group were also set. The levels of serum total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in the five groups were measured before and after the intragastric administration. @*Results @#One week after the model was founded,the levels of serum TC,TG and LDL-C in the model control group were higher than those in the blank control group（P<0.05）. Before the intragastric administration,there were no significant differences in the levels of serum TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C between the model control group and each dosage group（P>0.05）. After the intragastric administration,there were no significant differences in the levels of serum HDL-C and LDL-C between the model control group and each dosage group（P>0.05）. The levels of serum TC and TG in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the model control group（P<0.05）;There was no significant differences in the levels of serum TC and TG between the moderate dose,low dose group and the model control group（P>0.05）. @*Conclusion@# The compounds of cassia seed extract,red yeast rice,ginkgo biloba extract and salvia miltiorrhiza extract with a dosage of 1.600 g/kg body weight can reduce serum TC and TG levels in rats with hyperlipidemia.
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BACKGROUND: Total isoflavones of pueraria (TIP) possesses estradiol-like structures and has inhibition effect on bone loss or osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. However, studies have demonstrated that the prevention and treatment effect of TIP on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats is poor, especially in single utilization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combination effect of TIP and vitamin D on the treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Totally 81 female sprague-drawly (SD) rats of 3-month-old were randomly assigned into 9 groups. Exception those in the sham-surgery group, all rats were prepared for ovariectomized models. Vitamin D or low-, middle- and high-dose TIP or low-, middle- and high-dose TIP combined with vitamin D were intragastric administrated in the vitamin D, TIP or combination groups, respectively. There was no drug medication in the model and sham-surgery groups. The uterus coefficient was calculated at 3 months after medication. The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium, phosphonium, bone gla protein, estradiol levels, as well as bone mineral density of femur was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the uterus coefficient and estradiol level was obviously increased in the middle- and high-dose TIP groups and all combination groups (P < 0.05); the ALP and bone gla protein levels significant decreased (P < 0.05); and the bone mineral density of central and distal femur were notably increased (P < 0.05); in particular, the result was more manifest in the high-dose combination group. TIP and vitamin D presented with synergism in uterus coefficient, estradiol, ALP, bone gla protein levels and bone mineral density of distal femur, but the effect was not significant in the calcium and phosphonium levels in the TIP and/or vitamin D groups. The findings demonstrated that Tip combined with vitamin D can induce synergism on prevention and cure of osteporosis in ovariectomized rat.